Binary Encoding Master Reference

Powers of 2 (2⁰ – 2⁶⁴)

2⁰ = 11 B

2¹ = 2

2² = 41 nibble

2³ = 81 byte

2⁴ = 16hex digits

2⁵ = 32IPv4 bits

2⁶ = 64Base64 alphabet

2⁷ = 128ASCII chars

2⁸ = 2561 byte range

2¹⁰ = 1,0241 KiB

2¹⁶ = 65,53664 KiB / port range

2²⁰ = 1,048,5761 MiB

2²⁴ = 16,777,216RGB colors (24-bit)

2³⁰ = 1,073,741,8241 GiB

2³¹ = 2,147,483,648INT32_MAX + 1

2³² = 4,294,967,2964 GiB / IPv4 total

2⁴⁰ = 1,099,511,627,7761 TiB

2⁵⁰ = 1,125,899,906,842,6241 PiB

2⁶⁰ = 1,152,921,504,606,846,9761 EiB

2⁶³ = 9,223,372,036,854,775,808INT64_MAX + 1

2⁶⁴ = 18,446,744,073,709,551,61616 EiB

Number Base Conversion — Common Values

Decimal	Binary	Hex	Octal	Notes
0	0000 0000	0x00	0o00	NULL byte
1	0000 0001	0x01	0o01
7	0000 0111	0x07	0o07	BEL (bell)
8	0000 1000	0x08	0o10	BS (backspace)
9	0000 1001	0x09	0o11	TAB
10	0000 1010	0x0A	0o12	LF (newline)
13	0000 1101	0x0D	0o15	CR (carriage return)
15	0000 1111	0x0F	0o17	Max nibble
16	0001 0000	0x10	0o20
31	0001 1111	0x1F	0o37	US (unit sep)
32	0010 0000	0x20	0o40	SPACE
48	0011 0000	0x30	0o60	'0'
65	0100 0001	0x41	0o101	'A'
97	0110 0001	0x61	0o141	'a'
127	0111 1111	0x7F	0o177	DEL (max ASCII)
128	1000 0000	0x80	0o200	Extended ASCII start
255	1111 1111	0xFF	0o377	Max byte / ÿ
256	1 0000 0000	0x100	0o400	Overflows 1 byte
1024	100 0000 0000	0x400	0o2000	1 KiB
65535	1111 1111 1111 1111	0xFFFF	0o177777	UINT16_MAX

Printable ASCII Characters (32-126)

320x20␣SPACE

330x21!

480x300digits→

650x41Auppercase→

970x61alowercase→

1260x7E~last print

See our full ASCII Binary Reference Table for all 128 characters with binary and hex values.

Binary Prefixes (IEC 60027-2 vs SI)

Ki = 2¹⁰ = 1,024

Kibibyte (KiB)

≈ 1.024 kB (SI)

Mi = 2²⁰ = 1,048,576

Mebibyte (MiB)

≈ 1.049 MB

Gi = 2³⁰

Gibibyte (GiB)

≈ 1.074 GB

Ti = 2⁴⁰

Tebibyte (TiB)

≈ 1.100 TB

Pi = 2⁵⁰

Pebibyte (PiB)

≈ 1.126 PB

Ei = 2⁶⁰

Exbibyte (EiB)

≈ 1.153 EB

Common Bit Patterns & Masks

Pattern	Hex	Decimal	Use Case
0000 0000	0x00	0	Clear all bits
0000 0001	0x01	1	Bit 0 mask (LSB)
1000 0000	0x80	128	Bit 7 mask (MSB of byte)
0000 1111	0x0F	15	Low nibble mask
1111 0000	0xF0	240	High nibble mask
0101 0101	0x55	85	Alternating bits (even)
1010 1010	0xAA	170	Alternating bits (odd)
1111 1111	0xFF	255	All bits set (1 byte)
0xFFFF	0xFFFF	65535	16-bit mask / UINT16_MAX
0xFFFFFFFF	0xFFFFFFFF	4,294,967,295	32-bit mask / UINT32_MAX
1100 0000	0xC0	192	UTF-8 2-byte lead
1110 0000	0xE0	224	UTF-8 3-byte lead
1111 0000	0xF0	240	UTF-8 4-byte lead
10xx xxxx	0x80-0xBF	128-191	UTF-8 continuation byte

Color Encoding — Common RGB Hex Values

#FF0000
Red

#00FF00
Green

#0000FF
Blue

#FFFFFF
White

#000000
Black

#808080
Gray 50%

#FF00FF
Magenta

#FFFF00
Yellow

#00FFFF
Cyan